Coding in JAVA

 📘 ICSE Notes – Java Fundamentals ✅ Tokens, Escape Sequences, Variables & Identifiers in Java 🔹 1. Escape Sequences ✅ Definition: Escape sequences are special characters used inside output statements to perform special tasks like moving to a new line, giving space, etc. They always start with a backslash ( \ ) . ✅ Common Escape Sequences:                Escape Code                               Meaning                \n                                         New Line                \t                                    Tab Spa...

📘 1. Character Set ✅ Definition: A Character Set is a collection of characters that a computer can recognize and use. These characters include: Alphabets (A–Z, a–z) Numbers (0–9) Special symbols (@, #, $, %) Control characters (Enter, Tab, Space) 👉 Since computers understand only binary (0 and 1) , every character is stored in the form of numbers. 🧠 Example When you type the letter A , the computer does not store “A” directly. Instead, it stores a number like 65 , which represents A. 📌 Types of Character Sets There are mainly two types: 1️⃣ ASCII Character Set 2️⃣ Unicode Character Set 💻 2. ASCII Code ✅ Definition: ASCII stands for: 👉 American Standard Code for Information Interchange It is a character encoding system that assigns a numeric value to each character. 📊 ASCII Uses 7 Bits It uses 7 bits to store each character. Total characters it can store = 128 characters 🔢 ASCII Code Examples Character       ...

  Introduction to Object Modelling in Java Java is an Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language. In OOP, programs are designed by modelling real-world entities as objects . 👉 Object Modelling means representing real-life things inside a program using: Their properties (data) Their behaviour (actions) Components of Object Modelling Every object consists of three main components : ✅ 1. State (Properties / Attributes) State represents the data stored in an object . Examples: Student → Name, Roll Number Car → Color, Speed In Java → Variables int roll ; String name ; ✅ 2. Behaviour (Actions / Functions) Behaviour represents what the object can do . Examples: Student → Study, Write Exam Car → Start, Stop In Java → Methods void study () { System . out . println ( "Student is studying" ); } ✅ 3. Identity (Unique Name) Each object has a unique identity. Example: Student s1 ; Student s2 ; Here: s1 and s2 are different objects...

  Introduction to Object Oriented Programming and Java – ICSE Introduction Object Oriented Programming (OOP) is a modern programming approach in which a program is designed using objects and classes . Java is a popular object-oriented programming language widely used in schools, colleges, and the software industry. This chapter helps students understand the basic concepts of OOP and Java , which form the foundation of advanced programming. 1. Principles of Object Oriented Programming Object Oriented Programming is based on four main principles : Abstraction Encapsulation Inheritance Polymorphism Procedure Oriented Programming vs Object Oriented Programming Procedure Oriented Programming Object Oriented Programming Program is divided into functions Program is divided into objects Data is not well protected Data is well protected Less secure More secure Example: C language Example: Java, C++ Reusability is less Reusability is high 1. Abstraction Definition...