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Character Set, ASCII Code & Unicode Explained | Easy ICSE Computer Notes


๐Ÿ“˜ 1. Character Set

✅ Definition: A Character Set is a collection of characters that a computer can recognize and use. These characters include:

  • Alphabets (A–Z, a–z)

  • Numbers (0–9)

  • Special symbols (@, #, $, %)

  • Control characters (Enter, Tab, Space)

๐Ÿ‘‰ Since computers understand only binary (0 and 1), every character is stored in the form of numbers.

๐Ÿง  Example

When you type the letter A, the computer does not store “A” directly.
Instead, it stores a number like 65, which represents A.

๐Ÿ“Œ Types of Character Sets

There are mainly two types:

1️⃣ ASCII Character Set
2️⃣ Unicode Character Set

๐Ÿ’ป 2. ASCII Code

✅ Definition:

ASCII stands for:
๐Ÿ‘‰ American Standard Code for Information Interchange

It is a character encoding system that assigns a numeric value to each character.

๐Ÿ“Š ASCII Uses 7 Bits

  • It uses 7 bits to store each character.

  • Total characters it can store = 128 characters

๐Ÿ”ข ASCII Code Examples

Character                ASCII Value
A                    65
B                            66
a                    97
0                    48
Space                    32

๐Ÿ“Œ Types of ASCII

1️⃣ Standard ASCII

  • Range: 0–127

  • Includes basic English letters, numbers, and symbols.

2️⃣ Extended ASCII

  • Range: 128–255

  • Includes extra symbols and special characters.

❗ Limitation of ASCII

ASCII can only store English characters.
It cannot store languages like:

๐Ÿ‘‰ This problem led to the creation of Unicode.

๐ŸŒ 3.Unicode

✅ Definition: Unicode is an advanced character encoding system that can represent characters from all languages of the world.

๐Ÿ“Š Key Features of Unicode

✔ Uses 16 bits or more
✔ Can store 65,000+ characters
✔ Supports multiple languages
✔ Used in modern systems

๐Ÿง  Unicode Examples

                    Character                Unicode
                        A                U+0041
                        ₹                U+20B9
                        เค…                U+0905

๐Ÿ“Œ Why Unicode is Important?

Because today we use:

  • Multiple languages online

  • Emojis

  • International communication

Unicode makes this possible.

๐Ÿ”Ž ASCII vs Unicode (Important for Exams)

FeatureASCIIUnicode
Full FormAmerican Standard Code for Information InterchangeUniversal Character Encoding
Bits Used7 bits16 bits or more
Characters Supported12865,000+
Language SupportOnly EnglishAll languages

๐ŸŽฏ Exam Important Points (ICSE)

✔ Character set is a group of characters recognized by a computer.
✔ ASCII uses 7 bits and supports 128 characters.
✔ Unicode supports all languages and uses more bits.
✔ Unicode solved ASCII limitations.


Referenced By: ChatGPT

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